Q: What is meant by 'fermentation' in the context of some tea production processes, like Pu-Erh tea?

A: In addition to oxidation, some teas like Pu-Erh undergo an actual fermentation process, which differs from the oxidation process. Fermentation in the production of Pu-Erh and similar teas involves microbial activity by bacteria and fungi, resulting in a unique set of chemical reactions that affect the flavor, color, and health benefits of the tea. This post-fermentation aids in developing the characteristic earthy flavors and increasing the complexity of the tea. This process can range from months to many years, depending on the desired quality and taste.

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